Open Access

In this paper we contextualize Carl Menger’s work in relation to the transformations of German political economy from the 1860s to the 1890s. We demonstrate that his Grundsätze (1871) was a culmination of the German subjectivist tradition which had started in the early nineteenth century. Menger’s synthesis of this tradition is comparable to Adam Smith’s synthesis of earlier knowledge in theWealth of Nations (1776). Menger’s contribution was continuous with the intellectual project of leading German economists, such as Wilhelm Roscher, to whom Menger had dedicated his book. Roscher, however, also promoted a historical turn, that was combined with a progressive policy agenda by a new generation of German economists after they founded the Verein für Socialpolitik in 1872. These divergent Roscherian legacies clashed vehemently in the Methodenstreit. During this debate Menger elaborated in his Untersuchungen (1883) an evolutionary and spontaneous theory of institutional change, in line with the legacy of the Scottish Enlightenment and in contrast to a more rationalist and constructivist theory of institutional change expounded by Gustav Schmoller and other Verein economists. The new policy-oriented direction of German political economy carried the day, also due the fundamental socio-economic transformations in the German and Austro-Hungarian Empires, and prompted Menger to restate in 1891 the social policy agenda of the classical political economists, most prominently Smith. Menger’s recurrent proximities to Smithian political economy – in the synthetic contribution of 1871, the theoretical innovation of 1883, and the policy agenda of 1891 – suggest that his arguments are best understood as a defense of what Boettke has called the “mainline” in economics.

With the increasing complexity of software development, the efficiency of the coding process, especially in domain-specific environments, is becoming a key factor. This thesis presents the design and implementation of a Domain Specific Language Server based on the Language Server Protocol (LSP), aimed at optimizing the code-writing process, reducing errors, and facilitating the seamless integration of new developers into a corporate environment. The project, implemented at GK Software SE, examines the issues that developers face when writing code. Particular attention is paid to the need for real-time diagnostics. The paper examines the technical aspects associated with the development of a language server. The integration process with various Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) is also considered. Differences in approaches and difficulties encountered during implementation are analyzed. The language server should optimize the development process and reduce the likelihood of errors thanks to real-time feedback and automated code checks. This work contributes to the understanding of how LSP-based tools can be used to improve the efficiency of software development in specialized areas.